ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. True/False B. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. true. Dropout rates are higher in online courses. 1945: Memex A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? Spreadsheet Software Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester Baby and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. Part of the speed came from the computers design, which used 10 small computers, known as peripheral processing units, to offload the workload from the central processor. server. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. MADDIDA was flown across the country for a demonstration to John von Neumann, who was impressed. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. Quiz 1. The first stored-program computer to be built in continental Europe was the MESM, completed in the Soviet Union in 1950. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. MOS 6502 ad from IEEE Computer, Sept. 1975. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. Apple enters the handheld computer market with the Newton. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. What software was the first available for microcomputers? The line was discontinued less than two years later. Customers included US military as well as industry. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. Dollars. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). microprocessor/ processor. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. The last one was decommissioned in 1979. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. When was the word "computer" first used? Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). 0.5 out of 0.5 points. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? They did. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. . The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. Officially known as the Track Write, the automatically expanding full-sized keyboard used by the ThinkPad 701 is designed by inventor John Karidis. The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. mainframe computer. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." Total Cards. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. Computer Science. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the . All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. [2] It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an early product made for the emerging Internet of Things, which envisages a world in which common everyday devices have network connectivity and can exchange information or be controlled. Introduction of the iPhone 4 with retina display. This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. The line was discontinued in 2014. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. Wilkes' ideas grew out of the Moore School lectures he had attended three years earlier. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. True False One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. . As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. Its price was $2,500. !" "The only app I use when I need to get down to business." SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. Accept data (input) 2. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. Using this system, the machine could work faster than any other at the time on a problem that could be parceled out among the many processors. 2. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. User interface In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? C. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. 25. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. Harkening back to the hobbyist era of personal computing in the 1970s, Arduino begins as a project of the Interaction Design Institute, Ivrea, Italy. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet.
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